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The Life Cycle of Plasmodium falciparum in the Pathogenesis of Malaria

Malaria is a very old disease originating in Africa, spreading as humankind migrated to other lands. The disease gets its name from an Italian word for “bad air”. If we need to investigate the progress of malaria, we should consider the relationships between human and Anopheles mosquito populations, since both are necessary for the life cycle of Plasmodium. The diagram shows the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum – the deadliest of all the hum…

Pathophysiology of Erectile Disfunction in Diabetes Mellitus

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is common in men with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The following article will describe you with the epidemiology and underlying pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction in men with DM, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options. According to the diagram, Diabetes Mellitus may cause Erectile Dysfunction through a number of pathophysiologic changes such neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, cavernosal smooth muscle structural…