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Pathophysiology of Erectile Disfunction in Diabetes Mellitus

unction through a number of pathophysiologic changes such neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, cavernosal smooth muscle structural/functional changes, hormonal changes, and psychological effects. Find another important points for the diagnosis of ED, the current treatment of ED in men with DM, Phosphodiesterase Type-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors and its efficacy, Intraurethral Alprostadil, Intracavernosal Injections, and etc. For more complete read about…

Serum Calcium Concentration in the Pathophysiology of Hypoparathyroidism

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Hypoparathyroidism is deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) which resulting in hypocalsemia and hyperphosphatemia. It involved calcium concentration which plays a vital role in the the pathophysiology and diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. The following diagram shows the hydroxilation of vitamin D to its active form and its action to increase the serum calcium concentration. Find sections such the roles of PTH, vitamin D and calcitonin, detaile…